Figuring out how much money you need for retirement is like one of those word problems from high school that you’re still haunted by. It’s not an impossible equation to solve, but it won’t be a precise calculation. You should look at your retirement strategy at least once or twice a year to make sure you’re on the right track, and you should be ready to make adjustments if it isn’t. If you’re behind on your goals, there’s no need to worry because you can always catch up. But it’s important to take action.

Factors That Can Affect Your Retirement Planning

There is no “one size fits all” approach to retirement planning, and there are a number of factors that can determine how much you need for retirement. Some of them include the following:

• How long you will live — No one knows the answer to this question, but it’s still a good idea to look at some statistics. The average man who is 65 years old can expect to live 18.8 more years (which is almost to age 84), while the average woman of the same age can expect to live past her 86th birthday.
• When you plan to retire — This can have major impact on how much you need to save. The more you can postpone your retirement, the less you’ll need to save. Delaying your retirement can give your savings more time to grow. You’ll also have fewer years in retirement (in addition to more Social Security benefits).
• How you want to live when you retire — Do you believe your expenses will go down when you retire (what’s referred to as a “below average lifestyle”), or do you plan to spend as much as you do now (what’s considered to be “average”)? If you believe your expenses will be more than what they are now, it would be considered “above average.”
• How much you will earn on your savings — No one knows how stocks, bonds, or certificates of deposit will perform in the next 20 years.  Financial advisors often recommend caution when you’re estimating your portfolio returns. You should shoot for a 2.5% return after inflation, which would be about 5.5% today.

You should plan to save between 10% and 15% of your annual pretax income for retirement. But if you have a 401(k) or any other employer-sponsored retirement account and your employer matches your contributions, it can reduce the amount you need to save. It’s usually a good idea to contribute at least enough money to an employer-sponsored retirement plan to qualify for a full employer match.

Retirement Planning for Your Desired Lifestyle

You need to ask yourself what type of lifestyle you want to have when you retire. Do you want to travel the world, join a private country club, eat out at fancy restaurants, and participate in expensive hobbies? You may prefer to stay at home and live a more frugal lifestyle. Knowing the answer to these questions will go a long way in determining how much money you’ll need in your nest egg when you decide to retire.

You must also ask yourself where you want to live during your retirement years. You’ll need more retirement savings if you’re going to live in a city with a high cost of living instead of in a small rural area that isn’t as expensive. You should plan on needing between 70% and 80% of your pre-retirement income once you have retired, and you should consider the possibility of not having certain expenses that are often associated with working (such as commuting, purchasing work clothes, and eating out for lunch).

Retirement Planning and Social Security

You need to look at how much retirement income you may get from other sources besides your savings, which can include Social Security. You can get a current estimate of what your Social Security benefits could be at retirement by creating a personal Social Security account, but it’s only an estimate based on current law. So, there’s no guarantee that you’ll get that amount when you reach retirement age.

The Social Security Administration estimates that by 2033, the amount of payroll taxes being collected to fund Social Security will only be able to pay 79% of the scheduled benefits. But Social Security benefits aren’t meant to be your only source of retirement income. According to the Social Security Administration, it will only replace approximately 40% of the pre-retirement earnings of the average American.

If you’re looking for a CPA in Corpus Christi that can help you plan for retirement, be sure to reach out to Jennings Hawley & Co.

Raising children is expensive, with recent reports showing a cost of over $200,000 throughout their lifetime. The child tax credit (CTC) can give you some money back during tax time, which can be helpful in covering those costs. It allows low- and moderate-income families to reduce their tax liability by up to $2,000 for each child under the age of 17 if he or she is a citizen. Taxpayers must also meet certain income rules, because the credit phases out for people with a higher income. Once your modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) goes over the limit of your filing status, the credit amount may be smaller. You might even be considered ineligible.

How the Child Tax Credit Works

The value of the child tax credit is 15% of a household’s adjusted gross income (AGI) above the first $2,500 of earnings until it reaches the maximum of $2,000 per child. Up to $1,400 of the credit is refundable as an additional child tax credit (ACTC), which taxpayers can receive if they don’t owe any taxes. But it’s reduced by 5% after their adjusted gross income reaches $200,000 for single parents or $400,000 for married couples. There’s also a $500 non-refundable credit for non-child tax credit dependents.

To qualify for the credit, your child must meet several criteria based on age, relationship, support, dependency, citizenship, and residence. The child must be under 17 years of age, biologically related to you, be claimed by you as a dependent, and not provide more than 50% of his or her own financial support.

If you have children who are U.S. nationals or U.S. resident aliens, they can qualify if they have lived with you for more than half of the previous calendar year. Stepchildren and foster children may also qualify for the child tax credit if they meet certain requirements. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) also requires parents to verify each eligible dependent with a valid Social Security Number.

The Impact of the Child Tax Credit

The child tax credit has helped many working families since it was enacted in 1997. But over the years, it has been criticized by many people who claim that it provides little or no benefit to the poorest families (most of whom aren’t taxpayers and don’t file tax returns). When the credit was expanded during the pandemic, it had important implications for the economy as a whole, especially with regard to low and moderate-income families.

Certain emergency members were put in place and included prepayment of these benefits to eligible taxpayers. Some efforts were also made to reach out to families with low incomes who didn’t normally file tax returns when it was time to mail out checks. But even before the pandemic, a number of amendments were made to increase the Child Tax Credit amount while also widening its eligibility requirements. Refunds used to be restricted to taxpayers with three or more children. But for years, these benefits didn’t reach the poorest families.

The expandable and fully refundable child tax credit was put in place as part of the American Rescue Plan Act, which was meant to provide relief to the economic problems created by COVID-19. It also addressed many of the limitations that were considered problematic in the earlier versions of the child tax credit. The increase in the credit and the provision of total refundability made it accessible to even the neediest families.

How to Claim the Child Tax Credit

You can claim the child tax credit by entering your children and any other dependents on your tax return and attaching a completed Schedule 8812 (Credits for Qualifying Children and Other Dependents). To qualify for this credit, the child must be under 17 years of age. The child must also be one of the following:

• Son or daughter.
• Eligible foster child.
• Brother or sister.
• Stepbrother or stepsister.
• Half-brother or half-sister.

The child can also be a descendant of one of the above (such as a grandchild, niece, or nephew). Additional requirements for the child tax credit also include the following:

• The child must not provide more than half of his or her own financial support for that year.
• The child must have lived with you for more than half of that year.
• The child must be properly claimed as a dependent on your tax return.
• The child must be a U.S. citizen, U.S. national, or U.S. resident alien.

If you’re looking for a CPA in Corpus Christi to help you answer your questions about the child tax credit, be sure to reach out to Jennings & Hawley.

The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) goes after taxpayers who are most likely to owe them money. They look for mistakes, omissions, and exaggerations that can trigger an audit. Some taxpayers are selected at random, but most of them are chosen because their computer-based Discriminant Information Function (DIF) scoring system has found one or more red flags. A lot of things can draw unwanted attention from the IRS. In some cases, it can be because you made a mistake. It can also be something that’s completely surprising and beyond your control (such as claiming a certain tax credit or the amount of income you reported).

Here are some of the common IRS audit triggers and how you can avoid them.

#1: Making Too Much Money

Millionaires have a much higher chance of getting audited. This is especially true today because of IRS funding from the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, which is being used to increase enforcement actions against higher-income taxpayers. But it doesn’t mean you should make less money each year. Just don’t be surprised if the IRS decides to audit your return.

#2: Not Reporting Taxable Income

You’re inviting a response from the IRS if you don’t report all of your taxable income. The IRS gets a copy of all the W-2 and 1099 forms you get from employers and other people who pay you throughout the year. The IRS runs your tax return through a cross-checking program to see if you reported all the income that was shown on those forms.  If it finds a mismatch, you’ll get a letter from the IRS that points out the discrepancy. It will also ask you to follow additional procedures for resolving the issue.

This type of correspondence isn’t technically an “audit,” but it can feel like one. It can also lead to a full audit if the IRS doesn’t trust your numbers. Wait until you receive all your W-2 and 1099 forms before you file your tax return. Employers and other payers aren’t required to get W-2 and most 1099 forms sent out until Jan. 31, and most people complete their returns before that day (which can be a mistake). Don’t jump the gun by filing your tax returns before you have all your tax documents.

If you haven’t gotten your W-2 or 1099 form that you’re expecting or got an incorrect form, reach out to the employer or payer as soon as possible. If you have already contacted them but still didn’t get the missing or corrected forms, you can call the IRS at (800)829-1040 for help. You may end up having to estimate the W-2 or 1099 amount you need to report by using Form 4852.

#3: Math Errors

These types of issues would fall under the “stupid mistake” category. If you’re using tax software to complete your return, you most likely don’t have to worry about math errors because the program will make the calculations for you. But it’s easy to mess up the calculations if you’re using a paper return. Whether they’re intentional or done by mistake, math errors can cause your return to be flagged. If the IRS finds a miscalculation, they will fix the error and send you a notice of any adjustments that were made to your tax return. Once you have received this notice, you have 60 days to object to any increase in tax liability. But the worst part is that you may have to wait a little longer to get a tax refund while the IRS pulls your return to fix the mistake.

#4: Rounding or Estimating Dollar Amounts

This IRS audit trigger is easy to avoid. You might have rounded $403 of tip money to $400, $847 of student loan interest to $850, or $97 of medical expenses to $100. The IRS is going to see those numbers and think you’re making them up. If you decide to make up numbers by estimating your income or expenses, you can be sure to attract unwanted attention from the IRS. They get information about your tax situation from other sources. If it doesn’t match what you reported on your return, their computers are going to spit it out so it can be looked at more closely. If you’re rounding off or estimating certain dollar amounts, the IRS may start questioning everything else on your return. That could lead to a more intense audit. The good news is that this type of situation can be avoided by not rounding or estimating dollar amounts on your tax return.

If you’re looking for a CPA in Corpus Christi to help you with your tax returns, be sure to reach out to Jennings & Hawley.

Both accountants and CPA’s (Certified Public Accountants) are important to the operation of a business and they have an important distinctions. All CPA’s are accountants, but not all accountants are CPA’s. This is because of certain factors such as licensing, function, and skillset. An accountant has achieved a bachelor’s degree in accounting, while a CPA has completed specific educational and work requirements that are needed to pass a CPA exam (which are different for each state). A CPA is more likely to have extensive knowledge about the field of accounting than someone who has not earned this distinction. A CPA is also allowed to perform certain duties that regular accountants aren’t permitted to do.

What is an Accountant?

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), accountants and auditors help for-profit businesses, government agencies, and other organizations run more efficiently by looking at their financial records. They also make sure those records are accurate, assess an organization’s financial operations, and make sure that taxes are paid properly.

What is a CPA?

According to Becker Professional Education, all CPAs are accountants. But not all accountants are CPA’s. While they both perform similar roles in a business, a Certified Public Accountant (CPA) is an accounting professional who has met all the state licensing requirements to earn the CPA designation by acquiring a certain level of training, education, and experience (along with passing the CPA exam). So, the first step in understanding the difference between a CPA and accountant is to realize that a CPA is not a job title or career path. It’s a professional designation that will give accounting professionals more flexibility and mobility in their careers.

How are They Different?

Accountants and CPAs are different in several important areas, which include the following:

• Education — A bachelor’s degree in accounting or some other related field is usually all that’s needed to become an accountant or auditor. But once accountants have gained enough experience, they may decide to pursue other opportunities (such as getting a CPA certification, a graduate certification, or a master’s degree in accounting).
• Requirements — The skill requirements for a CPA and an accountant are similar, and they involve more than just being good with numbers. Aside from the education and experience, CPA’s must have a certain level of analytical and critical thinking. They must also have strong communication and organizational skills (all while being good with numbers).
• Licensing and Certification — Accountants don’t need to have any type of certification to work in the field, but there are certain accounting roles (such as internal auditing or managerial accounting) where a certification is preferable. CPA’s must meet strict licensing and certification requirements, which are overseen by the Board of Accountancy of each state. All states require CPAs to complete 150 semester hours of college coursework and pass the Uniform CPA Examination from the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (which is broken into four parts).
• Responsibilities — The specific duties of an accountant will vary according to the type and size of the organization he or she is working for and the specific role he or she plays within it.  While the responsibilities of unlicensed accountants are like CPAs, they’re limited in certain areas. You must have a CPA certification to work as an external auditor, but they may not need it if they want to work as an internal auditor. Non-certified accountants also wouldn’t be able to represent their clients during IRS audits.

The differences between CPAs and accountants become clearer when you take a closer look at their job opportunities. Unlicensed accountants primarily work in the field of private accounting, and they may work internally for a public or private corporation. CPA’s may work in a variety of areas, which can include the following:

• Tax Accounting — They can help individuals and organizations file their annual tax returns and stay compliant with the IRS Code. They can also help clients understand the implications of any changes in the tax code and avoid certain tax burdens.
• External Auditing — They can offer an organization a third-party perspective by looking at its financial statements while also providing financial documentation. Audits may be performed on behalf of financial institutions, the treasury, or as part of a fraud investigation.

CPA’s must also work to keep their license by meeting continuing professional education requirements and by adhering to the standards listed in the AICPA’s Code of Professional Conduct. If you’re looking for a CPA in Corpus Christi to help you with all your accounting needs, be sure to reach out to Jennings & Hawley.

As your business grows, you hire more employees, and you take on more customers, keeping track of expenses and making sure your books are accurate will become harder and more time-consuming. You may be sick of staring at spreadsheets and teaching yourself how to use accounting software — all while you find yourself losing track of records. You might be worried about missing out on important deductions or overdue invoices. You may be thinking about hiring a professional bookkeeper, which can come with a number of benefits.

Here are some of the reasons why you should hire a professional for all the bookkeeping related to your business.

#1: It Will Save You Time

You can spend hours on bookkeeping and other financial tasks. But because it’s so time-consuming, you always leave it at the bottom of your to-do list. When tax deadlines start creeping up, you end up wasting a lot of valuable time trying to catch up. Any time you spend managing non-core activities (such as bookkeeping) is time you spend away from the growth of your business. But if you hire a professional bookkeeper, the time you would spend on those tasks can be spent on things that are more directly related to your business.

#2: You Won’t Miss Unpaid Invoices

Late and unpaid invoices can put a dent in your cash flow and your long-term business goals. A professional bookkeeper will be able to put a process in place that can help you stay on top of your invoices. Some of them can include the following:

• Sending out reminders if a bill is late.
• Making phone calls.
• Issuing a late fee penalty.

They can also stay on top of late or forgotten payments, so you won’t have to worry about not fulfilling your financial obligations.

#3: You Can Identify Any Cash Flow Issues

Because your bookkeeper will keep daily records of invoices, receipts, and other financial transactions, he or she will have a clear picture of your income and expenses. This can help you understand your business performance and identify any cash flow issues as they come up.

#4: You Can Focus on Growing Your Business

Having a good understanding of your income and expenses each month will help you get a handle on your financial situation. You will also be able to identify spending patterns and sales trends. A tax professional and bookkeeper can help you make better business decisions about your day-to-day operations (such as which time of year is best to make large purchases). You’ll be able to forecast seasonal ups and downs, make sure you have access to capital during slow periods, and avoid taking too much money during the strong months. Having a greater awareness of your spending will help you control and lower your operating expenses whenever it’s possible, which can save you money over the long term.

#5: Tax Season Will Be Smoother

If you hire a bookkeeper from the same company that employs your tax specialist, they can work together to make sure you have an update of your accounting records and return filings. They will also be able to give you an interim or year-end financial statement, which will give you a clearer picture of your business’s financial health (in addition to an advance view of what your tax obligations may be). You can use this information to make decisions that could modify or lower your tax bill.

#6: You’ll Be Better Prepared for an Audit

If your business is audited by the IRS, having accurate and up-to-date records will make sure the process goes smoothly. The sooner you get back to running your business, the better things will be. If you’re concerned about being audited, a professional bookkeeper will be your best defense. Without having good records to support your tax return, non-income items can be taxed as income and legitimate business expenses may not be deducted.

#7: It Will Be Easier to Secure Loans from Banks and Other Creditors

Creditors need to have accurate information about the financial position of your business before they can give you a loan, and having good records will show them that you know every aspect of your company. You’ll have an easier time securing capital when you’re able to outline your past performance, because banks and other lenders need to make sure you have a solid history and a firm grasp of your business’s finances.

If you’re looking for a CPA in Corpus Christi who can help you get a better handle on your business’s bookkeeping, be sure to reach out to Jennings & Hawley.

Filing taxes can be a daunting task, even for the most financially savvy individuals. With changing laws, complex forms, and various deductions and credits to consider, it’s easy to make mistakes that can lead to penalties or missed opportunities for savings. Here’s a comprehensive guide to help you avoid common tax filing mistakes and ensure your tax return is accurate and maximized for your benefit.

1. Missing the Filing Deadline

One of the most straightforward mistakes to avoid is missing the tax filing deadline. In the United States, Tax Day typically falls on April 15th. Missing this deadline can result in late filing penalties and interest on any unpaid taxes. If you know you won’t be able to file on time, request an extension using IRS Form 4868, which will give you an additional six months to file your return. However, remember that an extension to file is not an extension to pay any taxes owed.

2. Incorrect or Missing Information

Ensuring that your tax return contains accurate and complete information is crucial. Here are some details to double-check:

• Social Security Numbers (SSNs): Verify that SSNs for you, your spouse, and any dependents are correct.
• Names: Use the exact names as they appear on your Social Security cards.
• Filing Status: Choose the correct filing status (e.g., single, married filing jointly, head of household).
• Bank Account Numbers: If you opt for direct deposit, ensure your bank routing and account numbers are correct to avoid delays in receiving your refund.

3. Mathematical Errors

Math errors are a common mistake on tax returns. Even a simple addition or subtraction error can lead to an incorrect tax amount. Using tax preparation software or hiring a tax professional can help minimize these errors. If you’re filing manually, take your time to double-check your calculations.

4. Failing to Report All Income

All income earned must be reported on your tax return, not just your primary salary or wages. This includes income from freelance work, rental properties, investments, and any side gigs. Common forms of income that are sometimes overlooked include:

• 1099 Forms: Income from freelance or contract work.
• Interest and Dividends: Income from savings accounts, investments, and dividends.
• Gambling Winnings: Any earnings from gambling activities.
• Alimony: Received alimony payments (for divorces finalized before 2019).

5. Overlooking Deductions and Credits

Tax deductions and credits can significantly reduce your taxable income and the amount of tax you owe. However, many taxpayers overlook or incorrectly claim these benefits. Here are some commonly missed deductions and credits:

• Student Loan Interest Deduction: Up to $2,500 of student loan interest can be deducted.
• Education Credits: The American Opportunity Credit and Lifetime Learning Credit can provide valuable tax savings for those pursuing higher education.
• Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC): This credit is available to low- to moderate-income workers and can be worth thousands of dollars.
• Medical Expenses: Deduct unreimbursed medical expenses that exceed 7.5% of your adjusted gross income (AGI).

6. Not Keeping Proper Documentation

Proper documentation is essential for substantiating the information on your tax return. Keep records of:

• Income: W-2s, 1099s, and other income statements.
• Expenses: Receipts, bank statements, and invoices for deductible expenses.
• Charitable Contributions: Acknowledgment letters from charitable organizations and receipts for donated items.
• Investment Transactions: Statements showing the purchase and sale of investments.

Maintaining organized records throughout the year can simplify the filing process and protect you in case of an audit.

7. Incorrectly Claiming Dependents

Claiming dependents incorrectly can lead to significant issues with your tax return. Ensure you are eligible to claim a dependent by reviewing the IRS guidelines. Common mistakes include:

• Divorced or Separated Parents: Only one parent can claim a child as a dependent in a given year. The IRS typically awards the dependency exemption to the custodial parent unless a waiver (Form 8332) is provided.
• Qualifying Relatives: Ensure that relatives claimed as dependents meet the IRS requirements for support, residency, and relationship.

8. Ignoring the Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT)

The Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) is designed to ensure that high-income earners pay a minimum amount of tax. If you fall into a higher income bracket, you may be subject to the AMT. Tax software can help calculate your AMT liability, or you can use IRS Form 6251 to determine whether you owe AMT.

9. Failing to Sign and Date Your Return

It might seem like a minor detail, but failing to sign and date your tax return can result in the IRS rejecting it. If you’re filing jointly, both you and your spouse must sign. Electronic filers should use the appropriate PIN or sign digitally as instructed.

10. Neglecting to Pay Estimated Taxes

If you are self-employed or have significant income not subject to withholding, you may need to pay estimated taxes quarterly. Failure to do so can result in penalties. Use IRS Form 1040-ES to calculate and make estimated tax payments.

11. Overlooking State Tax Obligations

In addition to federal taxes, remember to file your state tax return if your state has an income tax. Each state has its own deadlines, forms, and rules, so make sure to comply with your state’s requirements.

Avoiding these common tax filing mistakes can save you time, money, and stress. Whether you choose to file your taxes yourself or hire a professional, staying informed and organized is key. Always double-check your information, keep thorough records, and take advantage of available deductions and credits to ensure a smooth and accurate tax filing experience. By taking these steps, you can minimize errors, maximize your refund, and stay compliant with tax laws.

Choosing the right business structure is one of the most critical decisions an entrepreneur can make. The structure you select affects everything from daily operations to taxes and personal liability. At Jennings & Hawley CPA, we understand that each business is unique, and our goal is to help you navigate the complexities of choosing the appropriate business structure. Below is a basic overview of the various types of business structures, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages to help you make an informed decision.

Sole Proprietorship

Overview:

A sole proprietorship is the simplest and most common form of business structure. It is owned and operated by one individual, and there is no legal distinction between the owner and the business.

Advantages:

Simplicity: Easy to establish and operate.

Control: Complete control over business decisions.

Tax Benefits: Profits are taxed as personal income, which can simplify tax filing.

Disadvantages:

Unlimited Liability: The owner is personally liable for all business debts and obligations.

Funding Challenges: Raising capital can be difficult since it depends on the owner’s personal creditworthiness.

Limited Continuity: The business does not continue if the owner retires, passes away, or decides to sell.

Partnership

Overview:

A partnership involves two or more people who agree to share the profits, losses, and responsibilities of running a business. There are several types of partnerships, including general partnerships, limited partnerships, and limited liability partnerships.

Advantages:

Shared Resources: Partners can pool resources and share responsibilities.

Simple Taxation: Profits are passed through to the partners’ personal tax returns.

Flexibility: Partnerships can be relatively easy to establish and manage.

Disadvantages:

Joint Liability: In a general partnership, all partners are personally liable for business debts and obligations.

Potential for Conflict: Disagreements between partners can disrupt business operations.

Complexity: Limited partnerships and limited liability partnerships require more formal agreements and filings.

Limited Liability Company (LLC)

Overview:

An LLC combines the liability protection of a corporation with the tax benefits and flexibility of a partnership. It is a popular choice for small and medium-sized businesses.

Advantages:

Limited Liability: Owners (called members) are not personally liable for business debts and liabilities.

Tax Flexibility: An LLC can choose to be taxed as a sole proprietorship, partnership, or corporation.

Operational Flexibility: Fewer compliance requirements than a corporation.

Disadvantages:

Complex Formation: More paperwork and formalities compared to a sole proprietorship or partnership.

Self-Employment Taxes: Members may be subject to self-employment taxes on their share of the profits.

Varying Regulations: LLC laws vary significantly by state, which can complicate operations if the business operates in multiple states.

Corporation

Overview:

A corporation is a legal entity separate from its owners (shareholders). It offers the strongest protection from personal liability but involves more regulations and complex tax requirements.

Advantages:

Limited Liability: Shareholders are not personally liable for business debts.

Raising Capital: Easier to raise funds through the sale of stock.

Perpetual Existence: The corporation continues to exist regardless of changes in ownership.

Disadvantages:

Complexity and Cost: More expensive to establish and maintain, with significant regulatory and administrative burdens.

Double Taxation: C-corporation profits are taxed at the corporate level and again as shareholder dividends.

Regulatory Requirements: Must adhere to more stringent compliance and disclosure requirements.

S Corporation

Overview:

An S corporation is a special type of corporation that allows profits to pass through to the shareholders’ personal tax returns, avoiding double taxation. It combines the benefits of a corporation with the tax benefits of a partnership.

Advantages:

Tax Benefits: Avoids double taxation, with income passing through to shareholders.

Limited Liability: Shareholders are protected from personal liability for business debts.

Attracting Investment: Easier to raise capital than sole proprietorships or partnerships.

Disadvantages:

Ownership Restrictions: Limited to 100 shareholders, all of whom must be U.S. citizens or residents.

Regulatory Complexity: Must adhere to strict compliance and administrative requirements.

Tax Qualification Obligations: Must meet specific IRS requirements to maintain S corporation status.

Cooperative

Overview:

A cooperative (co-op) is a business owned and operated for the benefit of those using its services. Members (users) are also the owners and share in the profits and decision-making process.

Advantages:

Member Control: Operated and controlled by its members, fostering democratic decision-making.

Profit Sharing: Profits are distributed among members based on their usage of the cooperative.

Tax Benefits: May receive favorable tax treatment.

Disadvantages:

Funding Challenges: Raising capital can be difficult since it relies on member contributions.

Decision-Making: Consensus decision-making can be time-consuming and challenging.

Complexity: Requires a detailed agreement and strong governance to function effectively.

Choosing the Right Structure

Selecting the appropriate business structure depends on various factors, including the nature of your business, your goals, the level of control you desire, tax considerations, and your tolerance for personal liability. Here at Jennings & Hawley CPA, we provide personalized advice to help you evaluate these factors and choose the structure that best aligns with your objectives.

How Jennings & Hawley CPA Can Help

Expert Consultation

Our experienced team will guide you through the pros and cons of each business structure, helping you understand the implications for your specific situation.

Customized Solutions

We tailor our advice to meet your unique needs, ensuring that the structure you choose supports your business goals and growth plans.

Ongoing Support

From initial setup to ongoing compliance and tax planning, we offer comprehensive support to ensure your business remains on solid ground.

Tax Planning and Compliance

We help you navigate the tax implications of your chosen structure, ensuring compliance with all relevant regulations and optimizing your tax position.

Call Today To Discuss Your Situation

Choosing the right business structure is a foundational step in building a successful business. At Jennings & Hawley CPA, we are dedicated to providing the guidance and expertise you need to make an informed decision. Contact us today to schedule a consultation and learn more about how we can assist you in structuring your business for success.

In the ever-evolving landscape of business, growth is not merely an aspiration but a necessity for long-term sustainability and success. Whether you’re a startup striving to establish a foothold in the market or an established enterprise seeking to expand your reach, effective business planning is essential for scaling your business and unlocking new opportunities for growth. Let’s explore the key strategies and considerations for business planning aimed at achieving sustainable growth and scaling your business for long-term success.

Assessing Current State and Setting Growth Objectives:

Before embarking on the journey of business growth, it’s essential to take stock of your current state and identify areas for improvement. Conducting a comprehensive assessment of your business operations, financial performance, market position, and competitive landscape can provide valuable insights into your strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT analysis). Based on this assessment, set clear and actionable growth objectives that align with your long-term vision and strategic priorities.

Identifying Growth Opportunities and Market Expansion:

Once you’ve established your growth objectives, the next step is to identify growth opportunities and explore avenues for market expansion. This may involve diversifying your product or service offerings, targeting new customer segments or geographic markets, or exploring strategic partnerships and alliances. Conducting market research and competitive analysis can help you identify untapped market opportunities, assess demand trends, and understand customer needs and preferences, enabling you to develop targeted strategies for growth and expansion.

Developing a Strategic Growth Plan:

With your growth objectives and opportunities identified, it’s time to develop a strategic growth plan that outlines the roadmap for achieving your goals. Your growth plan should include a detailed action plan with specific initiatives, milestones, timelines, and responsible parties. Consider factors such as resource allocation, budgeting, risk management, and performance metrics to ensure that your growth plan is comprehensive and actionable. By defining clear objectives, strategies, and tactics, you can effectively align your organization’s efforts and resources towards achieving sustainable growth and long-term success.

Embracing Cutting-Edge Solutions and Innovative Strategies:

In today’s dynamic business landscape, staying ahead of the curve requires more than just keeping up with technology—it demands a proactive approach to embracing cutting-edge solutions and innovative strategies. At Jennings & Hawley, we understand the importance of staying at the forefront of industry trends and developments. That’s why we work closely with our clients to identify emerging opportunities and leverage innovative strategies to drive growth and competitive advantage. From streamlining processes to optimizing operations, we help businesses harness the power of innovation to achieve their strategic objectives and unlock new pathways to success. With Jennings & Hawley as your trusted advisor, you can embrace the future with confidence and position your business for long-term success in an ever-evolving marketplace.

Building a Scalable Infrastructure and Operational Excellence:

As your business grows, it’s essential to build a scalable infrastructure and ensure operational excellence to support increased demand and complexity. This may involve investing in scalable systems and processes, expanding your workforce, and enhancing organizational capabilities and competencies. By focusing on operational efficiency, quality management, and continuous improvement, you can streamline operations, reduce costs, and enhance agility, enabling your business to scale effectively and adapt to changing market conditions.

Monitoring Performance and Adjusting Course:

Business growth is not a one-time event but an ongoing journey that requires continuous monitoring and adjustment. Establish key performance indicators (KPIs) and metrics to track progress towards your growth objectives, and regularly review and analyze performance data to identify trends, opportunities, and challenges. By monitoring performance closely and proactively addressing issues as they arise, you can optimize your growth strategies, mitigate risks, and ensure that your business remains on track for long-term success.

Scaling your business for long-term success requires careful planning, strategic foresight, and disciplined execution. By assessing your current state, identifying growth opportunities, developing a strategic growth plan, leveraging technology and innovation, building a scalable infrastructure, and monitoring performance closely, you can effectively navigate the complexities of business growth and position your organization for sustainable success in the future. At Jennings & Hawley CPA, we are committed to helping businesses achieve their growth objectives and unlock their full potential. Contact us today to learn more about how we can assist you with your business planning and growth initiatives.

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Experience the power of strategic foresight and disciplined execution with Jennings & Hawley’s business planning services. Our team of seasoned professionals combines expertise in corporate law, financial analysis, and strategic consulting to help businesses chart a course for sustainable growth and long-term success. Whether you’re a startup looking to establish a solid foundation for growth or an established enterprise seeking to expand your reach, we tailor our services to meet your unique needs and objectives. From conducting comprehensive assessments and identifying growth opportunities to developing actionable growth plans and providing ongoing support and guidance, we are your trusted partner every step of the way. With Jennings & Hawley by your side, you can navigate the complexities of business planning with confidence and achieve your goals with clarity and precision. Contact us today to learn more about how our business planning services can help you unlock new opportunities for growth and prosperity.

Tax season can be a stressful time for many individuals and businesses alike. With the April 15th deadline looming, the pressure to gather documents, complete forms, and file taxes can feel overwhelming. For those who find themselves unable to meet the deadline, the option to file for an extension until October 15th can provide much-needed relief. However, like any financial decision, there are both positives and negatives to consider before opting for a tax extension. In this guide, we’ll explore the advantages and disadvantages of filing for a tax extension until October 15th, helping you make an informed decision that aligns with your financial situation and goals.

Pros of Filing for a Tax Extension:

More Time for Preparation: One of the primary benefits of filing for a tax extension is the additional time it provides for gathering necessary documents, organizing financial records, and ensuring accuracy in tax filings. This extended period can be particularly valuable for individuals with complex financial situations or businesses with intricate accounting needs.

Reduced Risk of Errors: Rushing to meet the April 15th deadline can increase the likelihood of making mistakes on tax returns, leading to potential penalties, audits, or delays in processing. By opting for an extension, taxpayers can take the necessary time to review their financial information thoroughly, seek professional advice if needed, and minimize the risk of errors on their tax filings.

Avoidance of Penalties: Failing to file taxes by the April 15th deadline can result in penalties and interest charges imposed by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). By filing for an extension, taxpayers can avoid these penalties, provided they submit their tax returns by the extended deadline of October 15th. This can help alleviate financial strain and preserve resources that would otherwise be spent on penalties and fees.

Flexibility in Payment: While filing for an extension extends the deadline for submitting tax returns, it does not grant an extension for paying any taxes owed. However, taxpayers who anticipate owing taxes can use the additional time to budget and plan for payment, potentially avoiding late payment penalties or exploring payment options such as installment agreements with the IRS.

Opportunity for Tax Planning: For individuals and businesses seeking to optimize their tax strategies, filing for an extension can create opportunities for tax planning and optimization. By consulting with tax professionals or financial advisors during the extension period, taxpayers can identify potential deductions, credits, and strategies to minimize tax liabilities and maximize savings.

Cons of Filing for a Tax Extension:

Accrual of Interest: While filing for a tax extension may help avoid late filing penalties, it does not exempt taxpayers from accruing interest on any taxes owed beyond the April 15th deadline. This means that individuals who owe taxes will still be subject to interest charges on unpaid balances, potentially resulting in higher overall tax liabilities.

Delayed Refunds: Taxpayers expecting a refund from the IRS may face delays in receiving their funds if they opt for a tax extension. Unlike those who file by the April 15th deadline and typically receive refunds within a few weeks, individuals who file for an extension may need to wait until after October 15th to receive their refunds, leading to a longer wait time for financial reimbursement.

Extended Stress and Uncertainty: While filing for a tax extension can provide temporary relief from the pressure of the April 15th deadline, it may also prolong feelings of stress and uncertainty associated with unresolved tax obligations. Procrastination and avoidance behaviors can exacerbate anxiety levels and impact overall well-being, making it essential for individuals to address tax-related concerns promptly.

Potential for Missed Deadlines: Despite the extended deadline provided by a tax extension, some taxpayers may still find themselves unable to meet the October 15th cutoff date for filing taxes. This could occur due to unforeseen circumstances, procrastination, or lack of preparation, leading to further penalties, interest charges, and potential legal consequences.

Limited Time for Financial Planning: While filing for a tax extension can create opportunities for tax planning and optimization, it also compresses the timeframe available for implementing strategic financial decisions. Taxpayers who wait until the last minute to address tax-related matters may find themselves rushed or unable to fully leverage available opportunities for tax savings and optimization.

Call Jennings, Hawley & Co. Today

Filing for a tax extension until October 15th offers both advantages and disadvantages for individuals and businesses navigating the complexities of tax season. While the additional time for preparation, reduced risk of errors, and avoidance of penalties are significant benefits, taxpayers must also weigh the potential drawbacks, such as accruing interest, delayed refunds, and extended stress. Ultimately, the decision to file for a tax extension should be made thoughtfully, taking into account individual financial circumstances, deadlines, and objectives. By carefully considering the pros and cons outlined in this guide, taxpayers can make informed choices that support their financial well-being and compliance with tax obligations.

Embarking on the entrepreneurial journey as a self-employed individual brings the excitement of pursuing your passion and the freedom to shape your professional destiny. However, it also entails a set of responsibilities, with tax management being a significant aspect. At Jennings, Hawley & Co, we recognize the distinctive challenges faced by self-employed individuals. In this extensive guide, we not only understand the intricacies of tax planning for the self-employed but also provide tailored strategies to help you navigate this complex landscape successfully. From estimated tax payments to retirement contributions and leveraging business expenses, we’ve got you covered.

The Self-Employed Tax Landscape

The tax landscape for the self-employed is multifaceted, demanding a proactive approach to financial planning. Unlike traditional employees, self-employed individuals must take charge of calculating and paying taxes throughout the year. Effective tax planning is essential not only for compliance but also for maximizing deductions and credits, ultimately contributing to long-term financial success.

Understand Estimated Tax Payments

Quarterly Calculations

Self-employed individuals are obligated to make estimated tax payments on a quarterly basis. These payments encompass income tax and self-employment tax, covering contributions to Social Security and Medicare. With the guidance of Jennings, Hawley & Co, you can accurately calculate these payments, taking into consideration the ebbs and flows of your income throughout the year.

Avoiding Penalties

Failure to meet or underpay estimated tax payments can result in penalties. Our seasoned experts can assist you in staying ahead of deadlines, ensuring your payments align with your income, and minimizing the risk of penalties. By keeping your tax obligations in check, you’ll navigate tax season with confidence.

Strategic Retirement Contributions

Solo 401(k) Plans

Self-employed individuals have unique retirement savings options, and Solo 401(k) plans are one of the most powerful tools at your disposal. At Jennings, Hawley & Co, we can guide you in establishing and optimizing these plans, allowing you to contribute both as an employer and an employee, potentially maximizing your retirement savings.

Simplified Employee Pension (SEP) IRAs

SEP IRAs provide a straightforward and tax-efficient means of saving for retirement. Contributions to a SEP IRA are tax-deductible, providing immediate benefits. Our expert team can help you determine the optimal contribution amount based on your income and long-term retirement goals.

Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs)

Explore the benefits of traditional or Roth IRAs to supplement your retirement savings strategy. Understanding the tax implications of each type and strategically incorporating them into your plan can enhance your overall financial picture and provide flexibility in managing your tax liability.

Leveraging Business Expenses

Deductible Business Expenses

Identifying and maximizing deductible business expenses is a cornerstone of effective tax planning for the self-employed. Jennings, Hawley & Co can help you distinguish between personal and business expenses, ensuring that you claim all eligible deductions. Common deductible expenses include office supplies, equipment, travel, and professional development.

Home Office Deduction

For those operating a business from home, the home office deduction can be a substantial tax advantage. Our experts can guide you through the criteria for claiming this deduction, helping you maximize your tax savings while remaining compliant with IRS regulations.

Vehicle Expenses

If you use your vehicle for business purposes, certain vehicle expenses may be deductible. Proper record-keeping is essential, and our team can provide guidance on tracking mileage and eligible expenses to support your deduction claims.

Organized Record-Keeping and Accounting Practices

Digital Solutions

Efficient record-keeping is the backbone of effective tax planning. Implementing digital solutions simplifies tax preparation, ensuring accuracy and accessibility. Our firm can recommend and assist you in adopting the right accounting software that aligns with your business needs.

Proactive Monitoring

Regularly monitoring your financial records allows for proactive tax planning. By identifying trends and potential tax implications early on, we can work together to adjust strategies and optimize your financial outcomes. Proactive monitoring is a collaborative effort that sets the foundation for long-term financial success.

Navigating the complex terrain of self-employed taxes requires a strategic and proactive approach. At Jennings, Hawley & Co, our commitment is to empower you with the knowledge and guidance needed to navigate this intricate landscape successfully. From estimating quarterly tax payments to maximizing retirement contributions and leveraging business expenses, we’re here to tailor a comprehensive tax planning strategy that aligns with your unique business goals.

Embark on your journey to tax success with confidence. Contact Jennings, Hawley & Co today for a personalized consultation, and let us help you implement effective tax planning strategies that pave the way for financial prosperity in your self-employed endeavors. Your success is our priority—let’s build it together. Trust Jennings, Hawley & Co to be your dedicated partner in navigating the complexities of self-employed tax planning, ensuring a secure and thriving financial future.